Basic Operations
Addition
a + b = total
Subtraction
a − b = difference
Multiplication
a × b = product
Division
a ÷ b = quotient
Fractions
Equivalent Fractions
1/2 = 2/4 = 4/8
Add Fractions with the Same Denominator
a/c + b/c = (a + b)/c
Subtract Fractions with the Same Denominator
a/c − b/c = (a − b)/c
Fraction of a Number
number × fraction
Perimeter
Square
P = 4 × a
Rectangle
P = 2 × (a + b)
Triangle
P = a + b + c
Area
Square
A = a × a
Rectangle
A = a × b
Time
Minute and Seconds
1 minute = 60 seconds
Hour and Minutes
1 hour = 60 minutes
Day and Hours
1 day = 24 hours
Week and Days
1 week = 7 days
Year and Months
1 year = 12 months
Length
Millimeters and Centimeters
10 mm = 1 cm
Centimeters and Meters
100 cm = 1 m
Meters and Kilometers
1,000 m = 1 km
Weight
Grams and Kilograms
1,000 g = 1 kg
Kilograms and Tons
1,000 kg = 1 t
Capacity
Milliliters and Liters
1,000 ml = 1 l
Money
Total Price
price × quantity = total
Change
money given − price = change
Percentages
Percentage
percent = part ÷ whole × 100
10 Percent
number ÷ 10
50 Percent
number ÷ 2
25 Percent
number ÷ 4